Feeder for ingot-molds.



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1,022,343. Patented Apr. 2, 1912.

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ERNEST J'. TURNER, 0F PITTSBURGH, IENNSYLVANIA., ASSIGNOR OF ONE-THIRDT0 BLOOMFIELD H. HOWARD, F ASPINWALL, PENNSYLVANIA.

FEEDER FOR INGOT-MOIiDS.

Bpeoicationrof Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 2, 1912.

Application filed January 24," 1912. Serial No. 673,09-8.

To all whom' 'it may concern:

Be it 'known that I, ERNEST J. TURNER, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Pittsburgh,in the county of Allegheny and State ofPennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inFeeders for Ingot-Moldsf,of which the following is a specification. Myinvention rela/tes to the manufactureof steel and iron ingotsand has forits ob' gots, theyhave been foiind impracticable.

This is due to the fact that they have contracted portions orthroatswhich so retard the flow of the molten metal that it becomescooled, or what is known in the trade lfreezes in the feeder, so that itwill either not flow through the feeder, or if it does, it flows veryslowly and this together with the fact that it enters the mold only atthe center, theimetal at the sides of the mold oxidizes, andconsequently when the inliowing metal does spread out toward the sides,it Hows over this oxidized surface, and the result is that lateralpipes, or seams or both are formed in the ingot.

I have found by experiment that in order to prevent piping and seamingin casting ingots it is necessary that the molten metal be poured intothe mold in a highly heated state and as rapidly as possible.

With this in view I have devised 'a feeder made of refractory materialso that' it can be heated and I provide it with a large and unrestrictedopening or passage through which the molten metalis poured into themold, so' that the metal is prevented from being chilled and flowingrapidly through ,50' the feeder, it distributes itself evenlythroughoutthe entire surface of the mold, thus reducing piping fand seaming to aminimum.

A practical embodiment of the invention is represented in theaccompanying drawing forming a part of this speclfication, in

which similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts inall the views.

Figure 1 is a sectional view of the im provement showing it applied to amold with an ingot therein, theingot and mold being broken away and insection; Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the feeder on an enlargedscale, and Figs. 3 and 4 are sectional views of modifications.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawing,

`A is a mold of any approved construction, a

an ingot ltherein, and B the feeder. The feeder B is formed of fire clayor other refractory material and consists of the body b. and neck bintegral with the body and of a size to t snugly in the mold. The body`b is made quite large so as to retain the heat and it may be square,round or any other suitablel shape.

At the junction of the neck with the body a shoulder b2 is formed andthrough the body and neck a passage or opening b3 extends. The portionof the passage or opening b in the body .of the feeder is of uni-v formdiameter, while the portion in the neck is of gradually increasingdiameter from its upper to its lower end. The varying diameter of theopening or passage in the neck is formed by beveling the inner surfaceof the wall of the neck downwardly and outwardly. This beveling of thewall of the neck not only enlarges the passage or opening of the neck,but it reduces the thickness of the wall of the neck at its lower end,so that the metal can readily flow to the sides of the mold clear vup tothe lower end' of the said neck. I

The wall of the neck yof the feeder is made as thin as possibleconsistent with strength, so that the passage or opening through 'thefeeder can be made nearly of as great a diameter as the diameter of themo d, so that a large quantity of molten metal can be poured into thefeeder, and as the passage or opening thereof is unrestricted it passesrapidly through the same into the mold.

In Fi 3 I have shown the opening or passage of the feeder B of uniformdiameter throughout. In other respects the feeder is simllar to thatshown in Figs. 1 and 2. While this form gives good results, yet I preferto form the opening or passage of the neck of the feeder of graduallyincreasing diameter as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

' two necks b5 and be of unequal length so that it can be. reversed forcasting ingots of different lengths. The body b* is of uniform diameterthroughiout instead of tapering,

as shown in the other figures.

Tn operation the feeder being heated it is placed upon the mold with itsshoulder resting upon the end of the mold and its neck extending intothe same. The molten metal isy now poured as usual in forming largeingots, from a ladle into the feeder, and owing to the feeder being`heated and having a large and unrestricted passage or opening, themolten metal is vkeptheated and `liowing rapidly through the feeder intothe mold, distributes .itself evenly throughlout the whole area of themold so that, a

homogeneous ingot is formed.

Tt. will thus be seen that T have produced a very simple, cheap andeiiicient feeder and one especially adapted for casting large ingots.

Having thus described my invention, what T claim and desire to secure byLetters Patent is:

l. As a new article of manufacture a feeder for ingot molds, formed ofrefractory material and comprising ,a ing an unrestricted passage andprovided at one end with a neck adapted to extend into a mold and havinga comparatively thin wall and a shoulderat :the junction of the neckWith'tlie body to rest upon the end of the mold, the passage of the bodybeing of uniform. diameter and the passage of the neck being o\fgradually increasing diameter from its upper to its lower end.

2. As a new article of manufacture a feeder for ingot molds formed ofrefractory material and comprising a body having an unrestricted passageand provided at one end with a neck to extend into a mold and with ashoulder at the junction of the neck with the body to rest upon the endof the mold, the wall of the neck being compara'- tively thin, wherebythe passage through the feeder will be of a diameter nearly equal tothat of the mold upon which the feeder is used.

ERNEST J. TURNER. Witnesses:

CHAs. S. SHAEFFER, P. T. SIEBERr.

